复仇者联盟
书名：心的唯一|作者：笑无语|本书类别：古言|更新时间：17:19:48|字数：3896字
一 | 2030 여성 절반 “中브랜드 지속 이용 의향”화려한 펄·과일 토핑에 SNS 인증샷 쏟아져 中브랜드 국내 확장 속도…편의점 매출도↑ 서울 중구 명동 거리에서 여성들이 밀크티를 즐기고 있다. [뉴시스][헤럴드경제=김진 기자] 2030세대 여성을 중심으로 커피 대신 녹차·홍차·밀크티 등 차(茶)를 찾는 소비 문화가 확산되고 있다.26일 업계에 따르면 차 음료 시장을 주도하는 건 중국발 프랜차이즈 업체들이다. 리서치 테크 기업 오픈서베이가 이달 공개한 조사에 따르면 헤이티(HEYTEA), 차지(CHAGEE), 차백도 등 중국 브랜드의 존재감이 두드러졌다. ‘계속 이용할 의향이 있다’는 응답은 헤이티(36.7%), 차지(34.9%), 차백도(30.1%) 순으로 높았다.특히 2030 여성을 중심으로 응답률이 특히 높았다. 헤이티는 20대 여성이 51.7%, 30대 여성이 47.7%를 기록했다. 차지도 각각 53.8%, 41.5%로 나타났다. 차백도 역시 20대 여성의 응답률이 45.5%를 기록했다.찻잎을 우린 물이나 우유에 토핑을 더한 브랜드는 2010년을 전후해 중국 각지에서 급성장했다. 당시 현지에서도 젊은 여성층이 성장을 견인했다. 국내 역시 트렌드에 민감한 해당 소비층이 먼저 움직였다는 해석이 나온다.업계 한 관계자는 “말차 트렌드를 시작으로 차 소비에 익숙해진 젊은 여성 소비자들이 우롱티, 밀크티 등 다양한 메뉴를 구매하고 있다”며 “타피오카 펄이나 과일 등을 넣은 시각적으로 화려한 메뉴들이 SNS(소셜미디어) 이용률이 높은 젊은 세대의 취향을 적중했다”고 말했다. 실제 SNS에서는 메뉴 인증샷과 커스텀 방법이 다양하게 공유되고 있다.중국 브랜드의 국내 매장도 빠르게 늘고 있다. 차지는 올해 4월 서울 강남·용산·신촌에 3개 점포를 연 이후 매장을 확장 중이다. 신세계백화점 강남점과 역삼·시청·종로·건대에 이어 오는 9월 송파구 잠실 롯데월드몰에 9호점을 낸다. 차백도는 41개, 미쉐는 17개, 헤이티는 5개 매장을 운영하고 있다.편의점도 ‘차 열풍’에 올라탔다. GS25에서는 올해 1월부터 6월까지 밀크티 상품군 매출이 전년 동기 대비 111% 증가했다. 지난달에는 처음으로 RTD 컵음료 ‘유어스로얄밀크티’를 선보였다. 해당 상품은 이날까지 5만개를 넘는 누적 판매량을 기록하며 밀크티 상품군 중 매출 1위에 올랐다. CU에서도 같은 기간 밀크티 상품군 매출이 85.7% 증가했다.국내 프랜차이즈 음료 업계도 차 메뉴를 확대하고 있다. 스타벅스에 따르면 연간 판매량 ‘상위 10위’에 이름을 올린 차 메뉴가 2022년 자몽허니블랙티 1종에서 지난해 제주말차라떼, 유자민트티까지 3종으로 늘었다. 스타벅스 관계자는 “말차, 호지차 등 차 중심의 음료 트렌드가 계속되면서 다양한 차 음료 출시를 고려하고 있다”고 말했다.。
二 |
Labor Day is a U.S. national holiday held the first Monday every September. Unlike most U.S. holidays, it is a strange celebration without rituals, except for shopping and barbecuing. For most people it simply marks the last weekend of summer and the start of the school year.
The holiday’s founders in the late 1800s envisioned something very different from what the day has become. The founders were looking for two things: a means of unifying union workers and a reduction in work time.
The first Labor Day occurred in 1882 in New York City under the direction of that city’s Central Labor Union.
In the 1800s, unions covered only a small fraction of workers and were balkanized and relatively weak. The goal of organizations like the Central Labor Union and more modern-day counterparts like the AFL-CIO was to bring many small unions together to achieve a critical mass and power. The organizers of the first Labor Day were interested in creating an event that brought different types of workers together to meet each other and recognize their common interests.
However, the organizers had a large problem: No government or company recognized the first Monday in September as a day off work. The issue was solved temporarily by declaring a one-day strike in the city. All striking workers were expected to march in a parade and then eat and drink at a giant picnic afterwards.
Why was Labor Day invented?
Labor Day came about because workers felt they were spending too many hours and days on the job.
In the 1830s, manufacturing workers were putting in 70-hour weeks on average. Sixty years later, in 1890, hours of work had dropped, although the average manufacturing worker still toiled in a factory 60 hours a week.
These long working hours caused many union organizers to focus on winning a shorter eight-hour work day. They also focused on getting workers more days off, such as the Labor Day holiday, and reducing the workweek to just six days.
These early organizers clearly won since the most recent data show that the average person working in manufacturing is employed for a bit over 40 hours a week and most people work only five days a week.
As the U.S. economy expanded beyond farming and basic manufacturing in the late 1800s and early 1900s, it became important for businesses to find consumers interested in buying the products and services being produced in ever greater amounts. Shortening the work week was one way of turning the working class into the consuming class.
The common misconception is that since Labor Day is a national holiday, everyone gets the day off. Nothing could be further from the truth.
While the first Labor Day was created by striking, the idea of a special holiday for workers was easy for politicians to support. It was easy because proclaiming a holiday, like Mother’s Day, costs legislators nothing and benefits them by currying favor with voters. In 1887, Oregon, Colorado, Massachusetts, New York and New Jersey all declared a special legal holiday in September to celebrate workers.
Within 12 years, half the states in the country recognized Labor Day as a holiday. It became a national holiday in June 1894 when President Grover Cleveland signed the Labor Day bill into law. While most people interpreted this as recognizing the day as a national vacation, Congress’ proclamation covers only federal employees. It is up to each state to declare its own legal holidays.
Moreover, proclaiming any day an official holiday means little, as an official holiday does not require private employers and even some government agencies to give their workers the day off. Many stores are open on Labor Day. Essential government services in protection and transportation continue to function, and even less essential programs like national parks are open. Because not everyone is given time off on Labor Day, union workers as recently as the 1930s were being urged to stage one-day strikes if their employer refused to give them the day off.
In the president’s annual Labor Day declaration last year, Obama encouraged Americans “to observe this day with appropriate programs, ceremonies and activities that honor the contributions and resilience of working Americans.”
The proclamation, however, does not officially declare that anyone gets time off.
Controversy: Militants and founders
Today most people in the U.S. think of Labor Day as a noncontroversial holiday.
The first controversy that people fought over was how militant workers should act on a day designed to honor workers. Communist, Marxist and socialist members of the trade union movement supported May 1 as an international day of demonstrations, street protests and even violence, which continues even today.
More moderate trade union members, however, advocated for a September Labor Day of parades and picnics. In the U.S., picnics, instead of street protests, won the day.
There is also dispute over who suggested the idea. The earliest history from the mid-1930s credits Peter J. McGuire, who founded the New York City Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners, in 1881 with suggesting a date that would fall “nearly midway between the Fourth of July and Thanksgiving” that “would publicly show the strength and esprit de corps of the trade and labor organizations.”
Later scholarship from the early 1970s makes an excellent case that Matthew Maguire, a representative from the Machinists Union, actually was the founder of Labor Day. However, because Matthew Maguire was seen as too radical, the more moderate Peter McGuire was given the credit.
Who actually came up with the idea will likely never be known, but you can vote online here to express your view.
Have we lost the spirit of Labor Day?
Today Labor Day is no longer about trade unionists marching down the street with banners and their tools of trade. Instead, it is a confused holiday with no associated rituals.
The original holiday was meant to handle a problem of long working hours and no time off. Although the battle over these issues would seem to have been won long ago, this issue is starting to come back with a vengeance, not for manufacturing workers but for highly skilled white-collar workers, many of whom are constantly connected to work.
If you work all the time and never really take a vacation, start a new ritual that honors the original spirit of Labor Day. Give yourself the day off. Don’t go in to work. Shut off your phone, computer and other electronic devices connecting you to your daily grind. Then go to a barbecue, like the original participants did over a century ago, and celebrate having at least one day off from work during the year!
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